Processes

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Processes have ids, PIDs. Processes can spawn other decendents, who inherit the environment variables of their parent process.

source

Anonymous Pipe

An anonymous pipe is a one-way FIFO channel for communication between processes.

File Descriptors

A handle is just an abstract reference to some resource outside the scope of your software (think like accessing memory in a database or from the OS). A File Descriptor is a type of handle

inode

Data structure that describes a filesystem object (file/directory), with metadata attributes, disk block location as well as the object's data