Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud

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Compute is the amount of resources (Memory, CPU, Network Performance, Storage) required to fulfill a workload. EC2 is Amazon's offering for compute. There are many flavors that offer different combinations of resources optimized for different kinds of tasks.

Scripting

user data is a configurable parameter that allows execution of scripts or configuration tasks

Block Device Mapping

Each system has an associated root device volume (EBS or instance store). Block device mapping allows additional EBS or instances store volumes to be attached to the system on launch.